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2008年5月29日 星期四

More thoughts on Electrical Generation Process

According to my last hypothesis here, external magnetic flux passing through an atom would increase or decrease the rotational speed of outlying electrons of the atom. The original idea is not seeing magnetic flux as powerful enough to accelerate and decelerate the rotational speed of electrons in their orbit; it is about increase or decrease the speed of spinning of the electrons. However, then we would face the question of how does the increase and decrease of the speed of spinning of the electrons related to electrons escaped from the control of atomic nucleus; so I adopt an easy way: Taking the analogy of roundabout almost literally. What if we adopt the original thought, how could we explain the phenomena of electrical generation through metallic atoms exposed to variable magnetic field?
That would a bit more explanation than the roundabout analogy. As we observed that almost everything in the universe posses both spin and rotational momentum around another objects. Take the example of Earth, it is rotating about the sun and spinning at the same time. My thought is the spinning of Earth is coherent with the rotation of Earth about the Sun. Could we imagine what happen if we place a sphere in the edge roundabout, and the roundabout start spinning? The sphere would rotate about the central of the roundabout as well as spinning. Now what if we applied a large torque to increase/decrease the spinning of the sphere? Due to the inertia of the sphere, there would be some resistance about the sudden change of state of motion. This resistance maybe the root cause of Lenz’s Law: That the conservation of angular momentum of electrons would act against the increase/decrease of the speed of spinning of electrons. Now what happen if that change is large enough? The sphere would fly off from the roundabout just like projectile.
Taking this analogy back to atoms. As we applied a strong magnetic flux through it, the outlying electrons would increase/decrease the speed of spinning in the same direction which it enter. In the case which the outlying electrons increase the speed of spinning, there may exists an upper limit of how much increase per unit of time could be tolerate in each orbit, therefore those increase in a rate greater than this limit would have more than enough kinetic energy to stay in the orbit. Similarly, which the outlying electrons decrease the speed of spinning, there may exists an upper limit of how much decrease per unit of time could be tolerate in each orbit, therefore those increase in a rate greater than this limit would have less than enough kinetic energy to stay in the orbit. In both cases, the spin of electrons are thus become asynchronous/incoherent. with it rotation around the nucleus. Therefore some outlying electrons may detach from the atoms if the change is large enough in an instant. What we should said is the probability of outlying electrons detaching from the atom is directly correlate to the amount of change of both strength and polarity of external magnetic flux per unit of time. Those electrons which run-away from the control of nucleus is how generator are capable of generating electrical current.
Now if we go back to the original hypothesis, and thinking in the light of Einstein’s discovery of the rules beneath photoelectric effect. We could see how similar are the phenomena Photoelectric effect and electrical generation due to Lenz’s Law, so it would be legitimate to ask the following question: Since there exists an optimal way to emit electrons out of the metal, shouldn’t there also exists an optimal pattern of change of magnetic flux to eject electrons from metallic atom in the process of Electrical Generation Process? Is that why we would we have the relationship between Voltage, Current and Resistance? Taken these two phenomena as literally identical, would we see the change of magnetic field as identical to photons hitting the metallic atoms? How far we can take this analogy? What is the similarity and dissimilarity between the two phenomena?

2008年5月26日 星期一

An experiment on electrons

Based on the hypothesis I just raised, I wonder what would happen if instead of metallic atom which is ready to lose its outlying electron, we applied the idea on the atoms of non-metallic element. Why would the metallic atoms lost electrons readily but not the non-metallic atoms when given the same change of magnetic flux? Could we use this idea to ionize atoms rapidly?
Further thought on this: What if we applying a rapidly changing Magnetic flux into individual electrons? Could we split the electrons the same way we split atoms to produce electricity? Is that a better method than existing High Energy Collision?

Hypothesis on the Electrical Generation Process

It remain a puzzle to me that why a steady electrical current could produce a stable magnetic field in an electromagnetic coil while it require a variable magnetic field to produce a steady electrical current. Here is my hypothesis on how that happen.
When a steady magnetic flux is passing through a metallic object, the outlying electrons of atoms would thus ally its axis of rotation in the same direction as the magnetic flux. Since electrons are only rotating within the bond of atoms, therefore no electrical current is produced. Now when the magnetic flux has changed its direction, that means the electrons would either increase/decrease its speed of rotation. Similar to how objects placed on a spinning wheel would fly off to the side when the wheel speed up or slow down ’suddenly’, thus the change of magnetic flux would induce the change of speed of the electrons spinning around the atom, so some electrons may gain enough kinetic energy to move freely as electrical current. As the outlying electrons fly off the atoms, those atom would carry net-positive charge. Therefore although individual electrons in that atom still ally their direction of spin to the magnetic flux, the atom as a whole would produced a magnetic field opposing the incoming magnetic flux. That is how Lenz’s Law produce its effect microscopically. Thus more rapid the change of the external magnetic flux, more electrical current produced as more outlying electrons from atoms fly off.
But how is ’suddenly’ defined here? I hypothesize that there is a quantized speed for accelerate and decelerate the rotational speed of outlying electrons, which is a property of the electromagnetic field within the atoms. There is an upper limit for the capacity of atomic electrons to accelerate and decelerate the rotational speed of outlying electrons. If that limit is exceeded through the change of external magnetic flux, the outlying electrons are fly off as electrical current. Or maybe if the rate of accelerate and decelerate the rotational speed of outlying electrons is not a multiple of quantized rotational speed of outlying electron, then we would see electrical current produced; otherwise the atom would just adjusting its rotational speed of outlying electron without any electrons fly off. Therefore it strike me as there may exist an optimal way to produce electrical current for individual metals.

2008年5月23日 星期五

Shaking an electromagnetic coil between magnets

I remember I have seen someone written an essay on the effect of Shaking an electromagnetic coil between magnets, now what I want to do is to fill it with Mathematics, and raise some questions. The issue I had with that article is that it has ignore that the way we move the electromagnetic coil relative to the Magnet would affect how it respond to the change of the magnetic field it experienced. Thus effectively should be how does my way of moving an electromagnetic coil between magnets affect the voltages and currents formed in the coil. To be more precise, the way we shake the electromagnetic coil would affect how the voltage generated in each element of the electromagnetic coil.

Consider the simplest case, the electromagnetic coil is just moving back and fro linearly from a Permanent magnet. Now, as the electromagnetic coil is approaching the magnet, the rate of change of magnetic flux is greatest for those electromagnetic coil element that is closer to the magnet than the those who are further away from the magnet. Thus, within the same electromagnetic coil, there are difference in the voltages between different elements. Those who are closest has greater voltage compare to those who are further from the magnet. Since the electromagnetic coil can only have one voltage an current throughout itself, therefore I suspect an average of all voltage is what we measured for the whole electromagnetic coil. Moreover, for the electrical current, assuming that the electrical resistance is about the same throughout the electromagnetic coil, then we have the current is given by the average voltage/average electrical resistance.

Could anyone in the world verify my hypothesis?

2008年5月22日 星期四

free Electrical energy from the Electrical Field?

There are an often ignored way of electrical generation apart from the method of my last article The General theory of Electrical Generation: Directly extracting electrical energy from the electrical field. Applying the spring analogy I have from that article, to extract energy from electrical field in the form of electricity, we need to apply electromagnetic stress on an unbreakable Magnetic spring(Permanent Magnet); and similarly we can extract electrical energy directly from electrical field by apply electrical stress on permanent source of electrical field. How so? By taking electrical energy from electrical wire between two poles like this: energy_from_electrical_field.

Theoretically, the two insulator insulate with the charged object acting as the poles, to prevent the losing of electrical charge to the air. The pair of them as the spring to pump electrical charges in the metallic wire in between them from one pole to another. Since it is impossible to depreciate the electrical energy keep in the insulators, therefore we could theoretically get as much electrical energy from the electrical wire acting as the medium. And that is within the scope of classical electromagnetism.